Carnhell Green, Carnhell

GWYTHIAN (or Gwithian) is a village and parish in St. Ives Bay, 2½ miles north-east from Gwinear Road station on the Great Western railway, 3 north-east from Hayle, 8 west from Redruth and 5 west from Camborne, in the North Western division of the county, hundred of Penwith, petty sessional division of Penwith East, union and county court district of Redruth, rural deanery of Penwith, archdeaconry of Cornwall and diocese of Truro.   The river Conner enters the sea a little to the north of the church town.    The church of SS. Felix and Gothian, rebuilt, with the exception of the tower and a small portion of the chancel wall, in 1866, is a cruciform building of stone and granite in the Decorated style, consisting of chancel, nave and transepts, south porch and an embattled western tower 53 feet high,with pinnacles, and containing 3 bells, all cast in 1753 :   the chancel inclines to the north, and is separated from the nave by a low granite screen ; the stained east window was the gift of the present rector ; another window in the chancel is a memorial to the Rev. W. Drury, a former curate, 1865 : the chancel retains sedilia and a piscina, and there is a communion table and reredos of oak :  outside the east wall of the church is a monument, with arms, to Thomas Hockin, 1767, and John Hockin, his son, vicar of Okehampton, 1778: there are 174 sittings. The churcbyard is entered by a lych gate con- structed  from the materials of the  removed south arcade, and contains an ancient round-headed cross, with a boss in the centre of the head.   The register of baptisms, marriages and burials dates from the year 1560.    The living is a chapelry attached to Phillack,  tithe rent-charge (Gwithian) £235) with 5 perches of glebe, joint net yearly income £230, in the gift of and held since 1853 by the Rev. Frederick Hockin m.a. of St. John’s College, Cambridge, and hon. canon of ‘Truro, who resides at Phillack ; the Rev. Clement Cockerton Gillett is resident curate. There are Wesleyan   
chapels at Church Town and Connerdowns, and a United Methodist Free Church at Connerdowns.   About a quarter mile distant from the church are the remains of an ancient oratory,  now almost buried in the sands : according to Leland, this is as old,  if not older,  than that of St. Piran, at Perranzabuloe,  which is anterior to the  Norman Conquest ; a curious feature is the absence of any carved stone what- ever ;   the structure is internally about 49 feet long by 15 wide.    Trevarnon Rounds,  in this parish,  is an earthwork of considerable extent,  with a moat and rampart,  and appears to have been occupied  during the Civil War.  On Godreyy Island, the property of the trustees of the late G. L. Basset esq. (d. 1888),  is a lighthouse,  begun in January, 1858, and first lighted March 1, 1859.     The principal  landowners are the trustees of the late G. L. Basset esq. of Tehidy,  and the family  of  the  late  Rev. William Hockin.      The remains of the manor of Conerton  are  owned by the Paynter family. The soil is various ; subsoil, clay.     The chief crops are oats and barley.    The area is 2,454 acres, 315 of which are water; rateable value, £2,582 ; the population in 1891 was 649.
  Sexton, Henry Hendra.
Post Office, Connerdowns.—Thomas Richards, sub-post- master.    Letters through Hayle arrive 9.35 a.m.;  dis- patched 10.25 a.m. & 2.40 p.m.; week days only. Postal orders are issued here, but not paid
Letters for Church Town,  through Hayle,  arrive at 11 a.m.  
   The nearest money order & telegraph office is at Copper- jouse
Wall Letter Box cleared at 2 p.m. week days only

Schools :—
  National, Connerdowns, for 120 children ; average attend- ance, 79; Miss Jane Briston, mistress
  National, Church Town, for 45 children; average attend- ance, 30; Miss Emma Vellenoweth, mistress

                    Gwythian.
Gillett. Rev.Clement Cockerton [curate]
                      commercial.

Andrewartha Mary Ann (Mrs.), farmer, Upton
Bawden William, farmer, New mill
Christopher Paul Quick, farmer, Angew
Christopher Sidney, farmer, Nantarrow
Cock Charles, farmer, Pennance Vean
Cock James, farmer, Penance
Cock William, farmer, Nantarrow downs
English Arsenic Co. (Capt. J. Thomas,
manager), New mill
Hockin Mary Ann (Mrs.), farmer,
   Church Town & Tolseathin
HoskingJane(Mrs, ),farmer,Trevarnoyn
Ireland Joan(Mrs. ),PendarvesArmsP. H
James Nicholas, farmer, Godrievy
James Thos. shopkeeper, Church Town
Jennings John, shopkpr. Church Town
Jones Nathaniel, farmer, Hope farm
Mitchell Benjamin, farmer, Treeve lane
National Explosives Co. Limited (‘The)
   (J. W. Wilkinson, manager), dyna-
   mite manufacturers
Newton Henry, farmer, Nancemelling

Pendray James, farmer, Nancemalling
Prout Wilham, grocer, Conerton
Rickard John Henry, farmer, Conerton
Stephens David, tin dresser & buyer,  Beach house
Trevaskus Elizabeth (Mrs.), farmer,
Mount Pleasant

Connerdowns
Eva Samuel, wheelwright
Floyd Peter, The Turnpike i inn
Harper James, farmer
Jordan Josiah, farmer '

Jory Nicholas, carpenter
Mitchell Thomas, shopkeeper
Oates Thomas, blacksmith
Peare Themes Henry, wheelwright
Richards Thos. shopkeeper, Post office
Rodda Anna Amelia (Mrs.), shopkeeper
Sampson Richard, farmer
Thomas Elizabeth Ann (Mrs.), farmer
Thomas Thomas, farmer
Tonkin George, shopkeeper
Williams Richard, shopkeeper
Willoughby Oliver,frmr.Hammondslan

GWINEAR is a parish and village,  with a station  called Gwinear  Road,   1 mile north-east,  on  the  Great  Western railway, 3  miles  east from Hayle,  8  south-west  from  Red-ruth and 316 from London,  in the North Western. division of the county, hundred of Penwith, petty sessional division, of Penwith East, Redruth union and county court district, rural deanery of Penwith, archdeaconry of. Cornwall and diocese of Truro.    The church of  St. Gwinear,  or St. Wynar, standing at an elevation of 240 feet above the sea level, is a building of stone chiefly, in the Perpendicular style, and consists of chancel, nave, aisles, separated from the nave by arcades of four arches on the south side and six on the north, transept; south porch and an embattled western tower of native elvan, built about 1441, with lofty pinnacles and containing 6 bells, all cast.in 1767 ; the pulpit and front of the choir stalis are of richly caryed old oak, and there are piscina niches in the chancel and north aisle; the panelling of the rood-screen.exhibits richly designed foliageand scroll-work, and on some of the benches and pews appear the arms of Lanyon and Penneck : the aisle is parted from the rest of the building, by a screen of pitch pine, and is used for special Services: the east- window, erected by the vicar, is a memo- rial to Alfred Symonds Nash :   in the north aisle,  built by the Arundells, of Lanherne, is a marble monument to Elizabeth (Lanyon), wife of John Arundell, of Sithny, esq. ob. 1683, and some others of modern date: the church is seated with open pews for 350 persons.    In the churchyard is an ancient cross,  brought from Connordowns, Gwythian, where it had, been  used to form part of a gateway ;  it is 6 feet high,  and has a tapering shaft and round head, the latter carved with a St. Andrew’s cross.   The register dates from the year 1569.   The living is a vicarage, average tithe rent-charge £227,  net yearly value £235,  including 32 acres of glebe,  with residence,  in the gift of the Bishop of ‘Truro, and held since 1888 by the  Rev. Arthur John Perry m.a. of Oriel College, Oxford.    There are Wesleyan chapels at Church Town, Roseworthy, Carnhell Green and Wall. Here are the works of the Roseworthy Hammer Mills Company, where boilers, shovels and chains are made.   Many Roman coins and other remains  have  been  found  here.    Gen.  the

Right Hon. Sir Redvers Henry Buller v.c., k.c.m.g., p.c. c.b. is lord of the manor, and the Duke of Leeds, Lord Robartes; W. H. H. Hartley esq. of Rosewarne, Camborne; Lieut.-Col. Shadwell Morley Grylls j.p., d.l. and John Tremaine esq. j.p., d.l. are chief landowners.  The soil is rather clayey ; the subsoil is clay.  The chief crops are wheat, barley and oats.    The area is 4,400 acres; rateable value, £6,191 ; the population in 1891 was 1,548.

  Roseworthy, 2 miles north-east, Carnhell Green, 1 mile east, and Wall, 1 mile south-east, are hamlets.

  Sexton, John Kneebone.
Post Office.—William Pearce, sub-postmaster. Letters
received from Hayle at 9.45 a.m. & 6.30 p.m. ; dispatched
at 2.35  &  6.40 p.m.  by  foot;    week days only.        The

nearest money order & telegraph office is at Copperhouse.
Postal orders are issued here, but not paid
 

Post Office, Rosewarne.—William Middlin, sub-postmaster.
Letters arrive from Hayle at 10.10 a.m. ; dispatched 2.15
p.m.; week days only. Postal orders are issued here, but
not paid
 

Schools :—
  National (mixed), for 72 children ; average attendance,
     55; Miss Frances Paddy, mistress
  Wesleyan, Wall (mixed), erected in 1853 for 230 children;
     average attendance, 104; Joseph Fox, master ; Miss
     Annie Fox, mistress
Railway Station, Thomas Spracklen, station master

Marked thus * letters received through
Camborne.]

James Rev. JohnCourtenay[Wes.], Wall
Perry Rev. Arthur John m.a. Vicarage
Simmons Henry, York house
Thomas James, Reawala
*Veal John, Rose hill, Roseworthy

COMMERCIAL.

*BanfieldDorcas(Mrs.),farmer,Carnhell
Banfield Thomas Hy. farmer, Bosparva
Beckerleg William, farmer, Glebe
*Berryman Job, farmer, Gear
Bone John George, farmer, Trenowth
*Dennis Henry, farmer, Roseworthy
Eustice George, farmer, Bosurrel
*Eva Elizabeth (Mrs.) & John, farmers,
Roseworthy
Glasson Thomas, Halfway House P.H.
Fraddom
Goldsworthy Thos.shopkpr.Church twn
Harvey Margaret (Mrs.) & Thomas
Hill, farmers, Tregotha
Hosking James Henry, farmer, Wall
Huthnance Henry, farmer, Drannack
Huthnance William, agent for Curtiss
& Harvey,gunpowder manufacturers
Rosewarne
Ivey Edwin, farmer, Trevaskis
Jackson William, farmer, Lamin.
James Elizabeth (Mrs.), farmer, Gwi- near downs
Johns William, farmer, Taskus
Kneebone Jn. wheelwright, Rosewarne
Laity George, farmer, Polkinghorne
*Laurence Edward, farmer, Weath
*Luke Thomas, farmer, Carnhell green
*Michell George Henry, farmer, Men-ner downs
Michell James, farmer, Caloose
Michell John, farmer, Caloose
Michell Jas. farmer, Roseworthy wood
Middlin William, post office, grocer,
draper, general dealer, & agent for
the Guion line ma‘l steamers, Rose-
warne & Carnhell green
*Mitchell Edward, wheelwright, Carn-
hell green
*Noell Simeon, farmer, Deverall
Oleavy Richd.boot&shoe ma.Rosewarne
Pearce John, farmer, Higher Gooneva
Pearce Peter, farmer, Lower Gooneva
*Penaluna Richard, Pendarves Arms p.h.   Carnhell green
*Pendray James, farmer,  Bosprowal
Perkins William, farmer,  Tappard
*Phillips John Thos. farmer, Carnhell
*Pooley Henry, farmer, Carnhell green
Pooley James, cattle dealer, Rosewarne
RobertsWm. boot &shoemaker,Reawala
Rosewarne Charles, farmer, Lanyon
*RosewarneHerbt.farmr.Coswinsawsen
Rosewarne Richd. Hy. farmer, Trungle
*Roseworthy Hammer Mills Co. boiler,
   shovel & chain manufrs. Roseworthy
Bowe John, farmer, Trenawin
*Rowe Jn. Hy.shopkeeper,Carnhell grn
Rowe Thomas, farmer, Trenawin
*Sowell Edwd.blacksmith,Carnhell grn
Stephens Celia (Mrs,),farmer,Trevaskis
*Thomas Lavinia (Mrs.) & Sons,
   farmers, Catebedron
Thomas John, Royal Standard p.h
Tippett Nichls, farmer, Low. Bosparva
*Tonkin Francis, farmer, Roseworthy
*Treloar Benjamin, farmer & miller
   (water), Roseworthy wood
Treloar James, farmer & miller (water),
   Drannack mill
Trewhella Matthew, farmer, Trenearth
Tripp James, farmer, Coldharbour
*Trudgeon Robert, farmer, Haw downs
*Uren Moses, farmer, Penhale
Walters John, farmer, Drewollis