Hundred of Penwith and the compass both by sea and land | Penheleg | 1580

Those Royalties and others afore written are a sufficient
proof what Sir John Arundell of Lanhern Knight and his

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ancestors hath been possessed of as Lords of the Franchise
with a great number more which need not here to be
written:168 and hereafter followeth how many Parishes are
within the Hundred of Penwith and the compass both by sea
and land.

    PARISHES 24 Unye Redruyth. Logane. Cambrone.
Crowen. Gwynyar. Gwethyan. Felock. Garthe [sic :
Earthe]. Unyelant. Saint Ives. Towynack. Senar. Mor-
wath. Juste. Senyn. Selevan. Borrian. Sancras. Pawlle.
Madren. Golvall. Ludsvan. Saint Illary. Peran Uthnow.

    TYTHINGS 25 Uthnowe. Hornewell. Penbyrrhye.
Marschall. Kollynage [sic : Kellynage]. Bree. Gorlyne.
Drenack. Meen. Allwertone. Lanyskly. Collorian. Ros-
worthy. Ludsvane. Kynnarton [sic: Bynnarton]. Tehedye.
Trevydrene. Kemyall. Mehall. Treuthwall. Rossmoran.
Ternyff. Trewynarde. Conerton. Trevethowe.

THE COMPASS OF THE HUNDRED OF PENWYTH B Y LAND

The Hundred ________ in Illary¹⁶⁹ Parish and ________ Godol-
phin and Kerthin and to ________ mill and so up ________ moor
leaving Scryme [sic: Drym] on the north syde to Carrinver¹⁷⁰
and Whittfolle¹⁷¹ and to the Church Town of Crowen and
then to Bollythowe Wachys¹⁷² and from thence to the
Forest¹⁷³ and so by Came Margh¹⁷⁴ and by Trivula and so
to Talgolow and Skorya which are in Gwenape Parish but
they are of the Hundred of Penwith and of the Tything of
Tehedye: and from Skorrya to Assa Govranckowe¹⁷⁵ and
there endeth the Hundred of Pyder Penwith and Kerryar
and so the Hundred of Penwith leadeth from that place
which is in Donsatha Down¹⁷⁶ to Melyn Seygh and thence

¹⁶⁸. Later Arundells were to claim Treasure Trove (Connerton jury
charges in 1745); also mines royal of gold and silver (some
silver raised in Gwinear was claimed in 1799 — Journal of
Christopher Wallis, quoted by A. K . Hamilton Jenkin, News
from Cornwall, p. 62).
¹⁶⁹. This probably read "The Hundred beginneth at Porth Lee in
Illary . . . . ".
¹⁷⁰. Crenver.
¹⁷¹. Oatfield.
¹⁷². Crowan Beacon, called ' Bolytho Watch ' by Norden.
¹⁷³. Forest in Illogan.
¹⁷⁴. Carn Marth.
175. for AJY (or ASWY) KEVEANGOW, the gap of the hundreds.
Edge . . . Kierancoe 1613 (Bounds of Kenwyn, Henderson MSS,
Powder Topography p. 131); Keverancowe 1617, Gevar Ancho
1673 (Bounds of Manor of Tywarnhayle, Henderson IV pp.
1-4); Gevern Anko c. 1670 (N. Boson, Nebbaz Gerriau, J.R.I.C.
1930 p. 337); Kyvur Ankou c. 1720 (Tonkin, I p. 6). Later
this was the meeting-place of four hundreds (see Excursus).
Compare Meenkeverango at Prussia Cove (note 138).
176. ' Dofen-Sotho' in the Tywarnhayle Charter of 960 (Henderson
IV p. 1); ' Gon Dansotha' in the Miracle Play of the Resurrec-
tion (Norris, Cornish Drama, I I p. 30).

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to Melyn Vosse and from thence to Saint Julyan's Bridge¹⁷⁷
and so down the valye between Nans and Nakeyge¹⁷⁸ to
Portreyth in Logane Parish and so after round about the
land to westward and then to the eastward to Porth Lee
which is in Illary Parish and so endeth.

THE COMPASS OF THE HUNDRED BY SEA FROM POINT
TO POINT AND EVERY CREEK BETWEEN ¹⁷⁹ The Hundred of
Penwith beginneth by sea at Porthe Lee in Illary Parish and
from that to Porth Trenials¹⁸⁰ and from that to Cape Codane
both in Illary Parish and from Codane to Carnedew in Pawlle
which is the head point from Codan throw the Mounts Bay
to Bestyne181 and those creeks are within 2 points fol.———
and the villages and parishes that is next to Codane P———
Treyth¹⁸² and Porth Perane in the Manor of Uthnowe: the
M ——— ¹⁸³ and Marckayow next in Hillary Parish from the
Mount a ——— the strand or Ludsvan Parish Golwall Parish
and Pensans in Madren Parish and from thence all the strand
to ——— Bridges¹⁸⁴ in Maddren Parish and from that Bridge
to ——— and so to Mowssall which are both in Powlle
Parish ——— the Point of Carne Dew in Stauck¹⁸⁵ to the
Point of ——— Dewe¹⁸⁶ those creeks being between both to
the west ——— Poynlock otherways named Lamorna between
Pow¹⁸⁷——— and Carne an Barys1 8 8 in Boryan then westward
———Point of Tortell Dewe189 and the Point of Castle

¹⁷⁷. Bridge in Illogan, formerly Tresillian or Tregillian Bridge.
¹⁷⁸. Between Nance and Nancekuke.
¹⁷⁹. This gives many valuable names, but the first part is very
fragmentary. The creeks and points are listed by reference to
certain conspicuous headlands, i.e. " Between A and B there are
L M and N; between B and C there are O P and Q; between
C and D . . . . ". These headlands were:— Cudden, Cam Du,
Tater Du, Treen Dinas, Pedn-Men-an-Mere, (for Tol-Pedn-
Penwith), Pordenack, the Peel (Land's End), Cape Cornwall,
Clodgy, ' the Ulffes', Portreath Island. Cape Cornwall and
Clodgy apart, each is visible from the next.
¹⁸⁰. Porth Lee and Porth Trenials seem to be King's Cove and
Bessy's Cove respectively. In his deposition Penheleg gives
' Porth Trenalles ' as the furthest limit of Penwith.
¹⁸¹. This may be Boscawen Point in St. Buryan (Bescyne miscopied),
but if so it is very misplaced, and the meaning is not clear.
¹⁸². Not identified.
¹⁸³. Mount.
¹⁸⁴. Lariggan or, more probably, Newlyn Bridge. The latter joins
Madron and Paul, and is marked on Norden's map.
₁₈₅. Meaning not clear — probably miscopied.
¹⁸⁶. See note 189.
¹⁸⁷. Poynlock may be miscopied. Lamorna Cove is between Paul
and St. Buryan.
¹⁸⁸. Cam Barges; the old form does not support the derivation from
BARGOS, buzzard, but it may be miscopied.
¹⁸⁹. Probably T O R T H E L D U , from Breton T O R Z E L L (lump, mass,
cake); compare middle Latin T O R T E L L A , pie (R.M.N.). Now
called Tater-du.

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T——— ¹⁹⁰ Saint Loye Bay and Porthe Penbyree¹⁹¹ in Boryan
Castle Tretheyn and the Point of Talmena¹⁹² in ———
Cornowe in Sellevan Parish and between Ta——— and
between Tallmer P——— Parish is Porth Sellevan ———
in Selevan Parish and from Point ——— ¹⁹³ to Poynt Pen-
denack which is the Lands End in Senan¹⁹⁴ is Savan Marake¹⁹⁵
between Porth Pendenack and the Peyl¹⁹⁶ is Savyn Enys
Tone¹⁹⁷ in Senyne between the Peel and Kulgyth East¹⁹⁸ is
Savyn an Skanow¹⁹⁹ Porthe Gone Hollye Gwynvar in Senyn
Polprye Anvar Porthe Juste,²⁰⁰ all these are within Whitson
Bay;²⁰¹ between the 2 points there is Renaldstowe202 Gwyllo²⁰³
Longships and Brussew²⁰⁴ all those jett with the front of the
Lands End to the westward; from Kulgyth East to Kloygva²⁰⁵
in Saint Ives Parish Point is Porthlidan Kenygall Botolag
Trewholard²⁰⁶ an Porth an Guyahore otherways Threestone

¹⁹⁰. For Castle Tretheyn (below), i.e. Treen Dinas.
¹⁹¹. For Penbyrthe, i.e. Penberth.
¹⁹². Talmena or Tallmer Point must be Pedn-Men-an-Mere, as it was
between Porth Curno and ' Porth Sellevan', i.e. Porth Chapel
below St. Levan Churchtown.
¹⁹³. Missing name for Tol-Pedn-Penwith.
¹⁹⁴. Pordenack Point, though the most impressive headland in
Sennen, is not the westernmost point; Penheleg calls the real
Land's End the ' Peyl' or ' Peel' (note 196). Cape Cornwall,
not the Peel or Pordenack, was anciently considered to be the
Land's End (W. C . Borlase, J.R.I.C. X X I p. 199; Henderson,
Cornish Church Guide, p. 195).
¹⁹⁵. For SAUN AN MARGHAK (the knight's chasm) from
MARGH (horse). Not the Armed Knight, for that is north
of Pordenack and this place is south; probably the ' Diamond
Horse' rock which forms a chasm or zawn (note 109); compare
the ' Horse's Back' at Zennor Head, and the ' Horse' near
Kynance.
¹⁹⁶. PUL = pillar or spire; really the name of the rock immediately
off the westernmost point, which was originally very high but
fell in the 17th century. This rock was apparently also called
the Armed Knight, but this name is now borne by an islet
further south originally called Gwella, Penheleg's ' Gwyllo',
•Gwelcoe' in 1579 (Henderson X V I p. 201). See R.M.N, in
Old Cornwall IV p. 448; also map of Sennen in 1839 at C.R.O.
¹⁹⁷. SAUN ENYSTON (zawn of the turf island); Enys Dodnan,
an islet which bears turf and has a cave through it.
¹⁹⁸. Cape Cornwall, called 'The Kilguth' by Norden and Speed.
Probably from C U L (slender), with ' East' representing the name
'Just' (see note 121).
¹⁹⁹. Probably SCAUNYOW, benches. (R.M.N.).
²⁰⁰. For these names see notes 120, 126 and 121.
²⁰¹. This and following semicolon inserted to clarify meaning.
²⁰². For Renaldstone, the Runnelstone.
²⁰³. See note 196.
²⁰⁴. For Brussen, the Brisons.
²⁰⁵. Clodgy Point.
²⁰⁶. Porth Ledden, Kenidjack, Botallack, Trewellard.

206
Worth²⁰⁷ in Saint Juste Parish Castell Owthen²⁰⁸ in Morva an
Eball Porthmer and Innyall Tretham in Senar Parish²⁰⁹
Pensowssen in Towenak²¹⁰ and from the Point of Cloygva to
the Ulffes²¹¹ is Porth Moyr in St. Ives the Island of Saint Ives
Porthe Gwyne²¹² Saint Ives Porth my nse²¹³ Porthreppter
Polkymyas²¹⁴ and Lelant the sandys in the Bays is in Felock
Parish and Gwethyan Parish then there is Porth Godrevy and
the Island of Godrevy Asswyn in Clamho ——— in Cambrone
there is between the Ulffes and the Island of Portreo ———
Porthe an Badall Porthe Brenegan²¹⁵ and Porthe Treyth in
Logan ——— and there endeth all the creeks and points
within the Hundred ——— any man can give a special name
unto.

THE BAYLIFF ' S ACCOMPTS The Bayliff of the Hundred
of Penwith doth make his accompts at Lostythyall to the
King's Officers of the Prince216 and p ——— the third pennye
of the Perquisites of the Court and the — ——— pennye of the
Smok Silver and this is his charge.

²⁰⁷. See note 150.
²⁰⁸. It is tempting to identify this with Norden's ' Castle Anowthan '
(Description of Cornwall, p. 36); his account of a ruined hill-
fort near Zennor suggests Chun Castle, but his map shows its
position as south of Zennor. Penheleg, however, is listing
coastal features, and his site is probably the great headland
called Bosigran Castle, which is the only ' castle' name on the
coast near Morva, although just across the boundary in Zennor.
²⁰⁹. Ebal Rocks, Porthmeor, Gurnard's Head (note 101) and Treen
(' Tretham ' probably miscopied for ' Trethein ').
²¹⁰. See note 130.
²¹¹. Possibly the same word as the Wolf Rock; compare Breton
OUF . French GOLFE . GOUFFRE . (R.M.N.). Topography
strongly suggests that this site, one of the stages in Penheleg's
circuit of the coast, is Navax Point in Gwithian, the only head-
land commanding both St. Ives Bay to Clodgy and the ' north
cliffs' to Portreath. Unfortunately a place in Camborne,
Asswyn (note 145), is given west of the Ulffes, whereas the
Gwithian-Camborne boundary is some way east of Navax.
This may be a mistake; Asswyn was probably in Gwithian
parish between Godrevy Point and Navax. ' Clamho . . .' is
unidentified, and probably miscopied.
²¹². Porthmeor and Porthgwidden.
²¹³. For Porthmynster (R.M.N.).
²¹⁴. See notes 90 and 87.
²¹⁵. See notes 156 and 155.
²¹⁶. This wording is odd, since the monarch was a Queen and the
Duchy had long been merged in the Crown. This payment to
the Duchy of one-third of the perquisites of the hundred (not
of the liberties) was reserved in the grant of Earl Richard.
Penheleg held the bailiwicks of both hundred and franchise,
also of the manor of Connerton. In 1582 his successor, John
Tregenna, paid £3.5s.6d. at Lostwithiel (J.R.I.C. Sept. 1876
p. 287); in the 1650 the figure was £4 (MS Survey of Cornish
Hundreds, P.R.O. E . 317 Cornwall no. 1.)

207
The Bayliff of the Franchise maketh his accompts of
all receipts at Sir John Arundell's auditt and no where else.
And so doth the Bayliff of the Hundred likewise account-
eth the too parts of the Perquisites at Sir John Arundell's.
This Book is ended and written by John Penheleg Gentle-
man Anno. 1580.

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