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Connor Downs
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Earl Richard granted to Richard Pincerna of Connerton the Lordship of the Hundred of Penwith | ~ 1227-1243
Between 1227 and 1243 Earl Richard granted to Richard Pincerna of Connerton the Lordship of the Hundred of Penwith, reserving to himself only one-third of the income from the Hundred Courts and like perquisites
The status of Penwith as a private Hundred, with its bailiff appointed by and responsible to the Arundells, was unique in Cornwall
The following cases from the Assize Rolls of 1284 and 1302 relating to the Hundred of Penwith are chosen to illustrate the duties and responsi-bilities of tithings:
Smoke Silver and the Duchy Survey
The Lordships of the nine Cornish Hundreds were all originally annexed to the Earldom of Cornwall, but at some date between 1227 and 1243 Earl Richard granted to Richard Pincerna of Connerton the Lordship of the Hundred of Penwith, reserving to himself only one-third of the income from the Hundred Courts and like perquisites.55 The Lordships of the remaining Hundreds, and the reserved rights from Penwith, remained with the Earldom and were transferred to the Duchy on its creation in 1337, where they remained. The Lordship of Penwith passed by marriage from the Pincernas to the Lanhernes and thence again to the Arundells of Lanherne, with whom it remained from the beginning of the 14th century until the beginning of the 19th.56
The status of Penwith as a private Hundred, with its bailiff appointed by and responsible to the Arundells, was unique in Cornwall, but such arrangements were common elsewhere: in 1274 30 of the 32 Hundreds of Devon were in private hands.57
In 1580 the Head Bailiff of Penwith recorded that it was his responsibility to account for one-third of the perquisites of the hundred court and of the smoke silver to the Duchy Audit at Lostwithiel, and for the remaining two-thirds to his master, Sir John Arundell of Lanherne, who also took the whole of the franchise income, notably that from wrecks throughout the hundred.58
Smoke silver59 was an annual rent paid by each tithing to the Lord of the hundred, apparently by half-yearly instalments at the two annual Tourns in the Hundred Court. Thus at the Tourn for the Hundred of East
held at St. Ive on 6 October 1487, payment is recorded of a total of £2 4s 4d from the 27 tithings in the Hundred, the amounts per tithing varying from 6d to 6s M.60
34 Pool, 1959, 180. 55 Grant printed (from 1579 inspeximus) by C. Bowles, A Short Account of the Hundred of Penwith, 1805, 29: the grantor's style indicates the date given, see N. Denholm-Young, Richard of Cornwall, 1947, 5, 9. 66 Pool, 1959, 167-71, 175-8. 57 H. M. Cam, The Hundred and the Hundred Rolls, 1930, 137. 58 Pool, 1959, 206-7. 59 Also called tithing valte (below), tithing penny, tithing call, law day money, cert money, common fine, headsilver, headpence, headmoney, chief silver, king's silver.
[CSC added some paragraph breaks to make for easier reference 200411]
https://peterpool.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/Tithings-of-Cornwall-RIC-Journal-1981.pdf
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